Members of the team question suspects in May 2023. ZHUANG XING/FOR CHINA DAILY

Fresh approach

In recent years, Yunnan's anti-drug strategy has evolved to also emphasize the treatment and rehabilitation of drug users.

While law enforcement remains robust, the province acknowledges that enforcement alone cannot resolve the drug problem — especially since Yunnan serves as a major entry point for heroin and methamphetamine from the Golden Triangle.

"Anti-drug work is not just about fighting the drug trade, although that's very important," said Wang Zeyu, a police officer with the Narcotics Control Brigade of Wuhua Sub-bureau at the Kunming Municipal Public Security Bureau.

"It also involves raising public awareness about drug trafficking, and psychological counseling for former drug users. It is comprehensive."

This approach aligns with one of China's new strategies in tackling drug-related issues. Since 2005, the nationwide People's War on Drugs has focused on creating "drug-free communities".

According to Ministry of Public Security data, China has set up 92,000 community drug treatment and rehabilitation stations, staffed by 48,000 social workers, which serve over 80 percent of communities.

"In our years of experience, we have found that while physical detoxification is relatively easy, overcoming psychological addiction is much more challenging," said Wang, who is also head of the anti-drug social governance office in Kunming's Wuhua district.

"This difficulty contributes to high relapse rates. Therefore, psychological counseling aimed at addressing the hidden demons in addicts' minds is crucial."

Drug users often struggle to reintegrate into family life and society, and frequently lack legal sources of income.

This lack of stability can lead to relapses, especially when they congregate with other addicts, undermining the effectiveness of treatment, according to findings cited by Yunnan Legal Daily from the Kaiyuan Public Security Bureau.

Since 2003, the Kaiyuan Public Security Bureau has conducted annual surveys regarding the living conditions of drug users.

The surveys revealed that 86 percent of drug users are concerned about their health, 72 percent want assistance in quitting, and 82 percent seek job opportunities.

"Drug users face significant barriers when trying to reintegrate into society," Wang said. "One major challenge is the discrimination they encounter while looking for employment."

Their relationships with family members are often strained. Many drug users are separated from their spouses and children, complicating their efforts to gain acceptance upon their return to society.

Since 2009, Wang has led initiatives in psychological counseling, and training professionals in pilot communities.

In 2021, a studio called Spring Rain was established in Wuhua district. "The name reflects gentle psychological support — like spring rain that silently nurtures life," she explained.

The studio is staffed by one certified anti-drug social worker and a team of 17 police officers with counseling certificates.

"Seeing so many recovering addicts return to society, full of life and renewed purpose, and regain the warmth of their families, makes me feel that being a police officer who helps them is enough," said Wang.